Tips for toilet training

1. Sing
Warm up your vocal chords! Singing makes toilet training fun. Believe it or not, there is a wonderful potty training CD called Potty Animal: Funny Songs About Potty Training.

2. Dance
Dance your way to the potty with your child. Boogying into the bathroom is fun! Let your child show you his or her fancy footwork. Encourage your child to take a break by sitting on the potty. Then make up a potty celebration dance, the sillier the better.

3. Draw

Another idea is to hang a dry erase board near the potty. Use colorful markers to draw happy faces when your child sits on the potty and when she is successful with the mission. Encourage her to use the markers, too. Just make sure she keeps them on the dry erase board!

4. Act

Puppets, role-playing and demonstrations all help with learning. Several "potty dolls" on the market actually drink and wet. Some even have an internal bladder that will hold water until your child pushes the stomach. Your child may enjoy acting out the toileting process with the doll

Making Associations- This act- this baby's ceasing to cry-also indicates association. The baby associates a partent or other caregiver with receiving comfort.

Breastfeeding Benefits

• lessens the occurrence of childhood illnesses such as diarrhea.
• is convenient since breast milk is always available and does not require preparation or storage.
• provides an infant with the proper balance of nutrients required for nutrients required for growth and development.
• strengthens the baby’s immune system because it has antibodies that help protect infant from certain infections such as ear and respiratory infections.
• helps both mother and infant can benefit psychologically through this close and warm interaction

disadvantages for the baby in breastfeeding occur when things are not going well, for example, if there's an inadequate supply of breast milk or an inefficient suck reflex in the baby. However, it is unusual for a mother not to produce enough milk for her baby unless she is not breastfeeding correctly or frequently enough. The disadvantages that most commonly arise involve the rest of the family. Siblings and dad often feel "left out" of baby care since mom is the only one who can do the nursing. However, other family members can be involved in helping with different aspects of the baby's care, and this gives them a valuable feeling of importance and allows mom a chance to rest.

Apgar Scale

The Apgar score is a reliable assessment of a newborn baby’s physical condition, used by caregivers to assess whether a newborn needs medical support. A score between seven and ten is considered normal, four to seven means the baby may require some medical support to help regulate breathing, and a score of three or below means the baby requires immediate resuscitation. Apgar scores are recorded at birth and at 5 minutes of age.

Arnold Gesell


Theory: Gesell developed basic information about the order in which children master various skills and the typical rate of this development.



Useful: Parents and other caregivers need to be aware of the standard course of development.